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Red ochre is mainly iron oxide, (Fe₂O₃; hematite), mixed with natural earth and clays

Early humans collected iron-rich earth, (hematite stones), grinded them; heated; and, mixed in binders. Like plant sap, fats; animal glue, or even water

It has many uses, all across the world
Pigment for art, like cave paintings & rock art;
Body paint & decoration, with possibly symbolisms; and
Burial rites, sprinkled in graves, possibly representing blood or life force.

Red ochre was widespread among prehistoric peoples globally. Iron oxide heated; and, mixed with plants, animal fats, and water. Check it out with some more neolithic architecture today.