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The core concept is nearly universal. A basket like frame with wood, reeds, bamboo. Covered with animal skin or bark, waterproofed with resin, fat, or bitumen. And, usually round or oval, flat-bottomed, with no keel

They appear globally because they require small wood (not large trees); flexible materials; and minimal tools

1) Material sourcing
Frame: Willow, tamarisk, reed bundles.
Covering: Cow, goat, or sheep hides.
Waterproofing: Bitumen (Mesopotamia); Plant resins, animal fats.

Mesopotamian coracles (or, quffa) used wicker frames coated with pitch and hide;
East Asian coracles often used woven bamboo + resin waterproofing; and,
Natives used Pelota: hide-only or minimal frame boat used for river crossings.

2) Construction process was to gather the materials. Cutting the flexible branches, especially green wood because it can be formed easier. And/or, to harvest reeds from riverbanks. Obtain fresh hides, and process quickly.

Frame building included a circular base woven like a basket.
Upright ribs were inserted and bent inward. A rim (or, gunwale) is reinforced.

Skin preparation: dehairing (lime, scraping), stretching while wet and sometimes sewn from multiple hides.

Attachment: lash hide to frame with sinew or cord. Hair side often inward (better adhesion).

Waterproofing: heating bitumen or tar, applied externally with multiple coats.

3) Tools required were stone or bronze knives, awls (for stitching hides), scrapers (hide processing), and fire-heated pitch containers.

4) Safety and proces control was fire under careful caution, and controlled during pitch heating.
The hide must not dry unevenly, or it would be prone to cracking.
Frame must be symettrical for symmentry.

5) Modifications were possible. Because the boats were mostly round. Oval or slightly pointed versions were better at tracking. And, larger versions were found. Sails were possible but probably small and rare.

6) Testing was empty and load testing in low water, and leak testing.
Limitations were no keel so poor directional stablity, and high spinning wind risk. It was more ideal for shallow rivers, and marshes. The flat bottom spreads weight for very low draft.

Optimal combination for a stronger coracle would be a bamboo or willow lattice, with thick cow/buffalo hide, bitumen (best) or resin sealant and slightly oval shape

References: Coracle Encyclopedia MDPI. (n.d.). https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33117

Resilience.org. (2020, December 15). A short history of woven boats. Resilience. https://www.resilience.org/stories/2016-07-22/a-short-history-of-woven-boats/

Johnstone P. A Medieval Skin Boat. Antiquity. 1962;36(141):32-37. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00029549